Triflumuron
(Synonyms: 杀虫脲) 目录号 : GC48203
An insecticide
Cas No.:64628-44-0
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Triflumuron is an insecticide and a chitin synthesis inhibitor.1 It reduces cuticle thickness in T. molitor pupae when administered at doses of 1 and 2 µg/insect.2 Topical application of triflumuron (1 µg/insect) to female M. domestica adults reduces egg hatching by greater than 95%.1 It induces mortality in A. aegypti, C. quinquefasciatus, and A. stephensi third instar larvae with EC50 values of 0.2, 0.3, and 0.1 ppb, respectively.3 Formulations containing triflumuron have been used as insecticides in agriculture.
1.Howard, J., and Wall, R.The effects of triflumuron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, on the housefly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)B. Entomol. Res.85(1)71-77(1995) 2.Soltani, N., Soltani-Mazouni, N., and Delachambre, J.Evaluation of triflumuron, a benzoylphenylurea derivative, on Tenebrio molitor pupae (Col., Tenebrionidae): Effects on cuticleJ. Appl. Entomol.120(1-5)627-629(1996) 3.Batra, C.P., Mittal, P.K., Adak, T., et al.Efficacy of IGR compound starycide 480 SC (triflumuron) against mosquito larvae in clear and polluted waterJ. Vector Borne Dis.42(3)109-116(2005)
| Cas No. | 64628-44-0 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 杀虫脲 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | ClC1=CC=CC=C1C(NC(NC2=CC=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C2)=O)=O | ||
| 分子式 | C15H10ClF3N2O3 | 分子量 | 358.7 |
| 溶解度 | DMF: 30 mg/ml,DMSO: 10 mg/ml | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.7878 mL | 13.9392 mL | 27.8784 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5576 mL | 2.7878 mL | 5.5757 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2788 mL | 1.3939 mL | 2.7878 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Impact of Triflumuron on Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): Laboratory and Field Studies
J Econ Entomol 2021 Aug 5;114(4):1709-1715.PMID:34104951DOI:10.1093/jee/toab102.
Halyomorpha halys, (the brown marmorated stink bug, BMSB), is a high-concern invasive species causing severe damage to orchards in many countries outside its native Asian range. Control options matching both effectiveness and sustainability are currently lacking. Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis might be exploited for integrated management programs because of the overall better ecotoxicological profile in comparison with most neurotoxic insecticides used so far against BMSB. In this study, the activity of Triflumuron, a benzoylphenyl urea hampering chitin biosynthesis, was tested on BMSB in laboratory and field conditions. In laboratory bioassays, the insecticide was sprayed on potted peach plants (30 cm high) and residues were aged in a glasshouse for 0, 7, 14, and 21 d. Then, third-instar bugs were placed on the plants and continuously exposed to residues. Mortality was scored after 7, 14, and 21 d exposure. Triflumuron caused significantly higher mortality on BMSB nymphs in comparison with water controls at all aging periods. Moreover, aging of residues up to 21 d did not cause any significant reduction of activity. Field experiments were also carried out in 2019 in eight pear orchards. Injuries to fruits at harvest were compared between plots where Triflumuron was added to insecticide sprays against BMSB and control plots managed exactly in the same way but without any Triflumuron treatment. An overall mean of 9.99 ± 1.98% stink bug injured fruits was detected in plots managed with the strategy including Triflumuron, whereas 19.45 ± 3.55% of fruits were injured in plots assigned to controls.
Triflumuron induces cytotoxic effects on hepatic and renal human cell lines
J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020 Aug;34(8):e22504.PMID:32227688DOI:10.1002/jbt.22504.
Insect growth regulator insecticides are a new class of pesticides, commonly used around the world to control insect damages. Among those compounds, we focused our interest on Triflumuron (TFM), which is less toxic than other conventional insecticides. However, not much is known about its toxic effects on mammalian systems. Therefore, our study aimed toward evaluating the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of TFM using two different cell lines, the human renal embryonic cells (HEK 293) and hepatocytes (Hep G2). We showed, according to the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, that TFM reduced significantly the cell viability and increased the reactive oxygen species generation, malondialdehyde levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential in both cell lines. The antioxidant system was disturbed as assessed by the increased activities in both catalase and superoxide dismutase. We demonstrated also, that TFM is an inductor of DNA damages quantified by the comet assay. Moreover, we showed an overexpression of proapoptotic Bax and a decrease in antiapoptotic Bcl-2 expression. As a conclusion, we demonstrate that the liver presents the major target organ to TFM, in which the cytotoxicity and the genotoxic effects were significantly higher in hepatic cells than in renal cells and by consequence its uses must be controlled.
Mini-review highlighting toxic effects of Triflumuron in insects and mammalian systems
J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023 Mar 29;e23341.PMID:36988222DOI:10.1002/jbt.23341.
Pesticides have been used to kill pests such as insects, fungi, rodents, and unwanted plants. As these compounds are potentially toxic to the target organisms, they could also be harmful to human health and the environment. Several chronic adverse effects have been identified even after months or years of exposure. The adverse effects of pesticides on the agricultural ecosystem have been a matter of concern in recent decades. In this review, we present an overview of the studies, including our previous studies, monitoring currently used pesticides in the Tunisian agricultural soils that belong to the class of insect growth regulators (IGRs). Triflumuron (TFM) is a benzoyl phenyl urea insecticide belonging to the class of IGRs. TFM is widely used around the world to increase crop yield by protecting them from damage caused by insects. TFM works by inhibiting the synthesis of chitin, an essential part of the insect cuticle, making it susceptible to pathogens and deformities. Consequently, insects become more susceptible to pathogens and malformations. However, studies revealing its toxicity and its mode of action in mammalian systems remain very limited. The aim of this review is to better inform the community about the impact of TFM on crops, the environment, and human beings by summarizing its toxic effects.
Acute Triflumuron exposure induces oxidative stress responses in liver and kidney of Balb/C mice
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019 Feb;26(4):3723-3730.PMID:30539393DOI:10.1007/s11356-018-3908-8.
Triflumuron (TFM) is one of the most widely used insecticides over the world. It is a benzoylphenyl urea that belongs to the class of insect growth regulators. This insecticide acts by inhibiting insect's chitin synthesis and by consequences, making insect more susceptible to pathogens and malformations. TFM effects have been reported in mammalians and crops. However, studies that reveal its toxicity mechanisms are limited. In this line, the current study aimed to determine the implication of oxidative stress in the toxicity induced by TFM and particularly in the perturbation of biochemical parameters in male Balb/C mice. Male Balb/C mice were divided into three groups receiving TFM at doses of 250, 350, and 500 mg/kg bw respectively. The occurrence of oxidative stress in both kidney and liver tissues was monitored by measuring of oxidative stress markers. TFM caused an increase as protein carbonyls generation, malondialdehyde induction (MDA) and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathion peroxidase (Gpx), as well as glutathion S transferase (GST) activities. In the same conditions, we have evaluated the effect of TFM treatment on biochemical parameters. In response to the three TFM doses, we showed significant dose dependent inductions in all tested oxidative stress markers. However, TFM caused an increase in the liver enzyme activities as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), g-glutamyltranspeptidase (GTT), and total bilirubin (BILT) in a dose-dependent manner. Equally, renal markers as urea, uric acid, albumin, and creatinine were increased in the same manner. We can conclude that oxidative damage seems to be a key determinant of TFM-induced toxicity in both liver and kidney of male Balb/C mice. Moreover, the oxidative stress is more pronounced in the liver than in the kidney. Thus, TFM may be considered as a hepatotoxic insecticide.
Triflumuron induces genotoxicity in both mice bone marrow cells and human Colon cancer cell line
Toxicol Mech Methods 2020 Jul;30(6):438-449.PMID:32312157DOI:10.1080/15376516.2020.1758981.
Triflumuron (TFM) is an insect growth regulator (IGR), an insecticide commonly used over the world. It is known for its several toxic manifestations, such as reprotoxicity, immunotoxicity and hematotoxicity, which could affect public health. However, studies that reveal its toxic effects on mammalians are limited. To reach this purpose, our study aimed to elucidate the eventual genotoxic effects of TFM in mice bone marrow cells and in HCT 116 cells after a short term exposition. TFM was administered intraperitoneally to Balb/C male mice at doses of 250, 350 and 500mg/kg bw for 24 h. Genotoxicity was monitored in bone marrow cells using the comet test, the micronucleus test and the chromosome aberration assay. Our results showed that TFM induced DNA damages in a dose-dependent manner. This genotoxicity was confirmed also in vitro on human intestinal cells HCT 116 using the comet test. It was then asked whether this genotoxicity induced by TFM could be due to an oxidative stress. Thus, we found that TFM significantly decreased HCT 116 cell viability. In addition, it induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) followed by lipid peroxidation as revealed by the increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Similarly, the activation of the antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) was also observed. Our results indicated that, in our experimental conditions, TFM had a genotoxic effect on bone morrow cells and in HCT 116 cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that this genotoxicity passes through an oxidative stress.