Trihydroxycholestanoic Acid
(Synonyms: 粪甾烷酸,Trihydroxycoprostanic Acid) 目录号 : GC45945A cholic acid intermediate
Cas No.:547-98-8
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
;)
,-1-7$$$37316672.jpg');)
;)
;)
$$$36806353.jpg');)
;33(7)%EF%BC%9A546-561$$$37156877.jpg');)
;)
;)
;)
%201124-1138.$$$35908550.jpg');)
%20766-780.$$$37100057.jpg');)
%20418-432.$$$36893736.jpg');)
%EF%BC%9A-240-255.$$$35108512.jpg');)
533-545$$$36543525.jpg');)
%201-13.$$$36600053.jpg');)
;)
Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >95.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Trihydroxycholestanoic acid is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholic acid .1 Elevated plasma levels of trihydroxycholestanoic acid have been found in patients with Zellweger syndrome, a neurological disorder characterized by mutations in PEX genes which result in defects in peroxisome formation.2,3
|1. Keane, M.H., Overmars, H., Wikander, T.M., et al. Bile acid treatment alters hepatic disease and bile acid transport in peroxisome-deficient PEX2 Zellweger mice. Hepatology 45(4), 982-997 (2007).|2. Ferdinandusse, S., Overmars, H., Denis, S., et al. Plasma analysis of di- and trihydroxycholestanoic acid diastereoisomers in peroxisomal α-methylacyl-CoA racemase deficiency. J. Lipid Res. 42(1), 137-141 (2001).|3. Klouwer, F.C.C., Berendse, K., Ferdinandusse, S., et al. Zellweger spectrum disorders: Clinical overview and management approach. Orphanet J. Rare Dis. 10, 151 (2015).
| Cas No. | 547-98-8 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 粪甾烷酸,Trihydroxycoprostanic Acid | ||
| 化学名 | (5β)-3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-cholestan-26-oic acid | ||
| Canonical SMILES | C[C@H](CCCC(C)C(O)=O)[C@@]1([H])CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])C[C@H](O)[C@@]21C | ||
| 分子式 | C27H46O5 | 分子量 | 450.7 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : 50 mg/mL (110.95 mM; Need ultrasonic) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
||
| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
 |
1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.2188 mL | 11.0939 mL | 22.1877 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4438 mL | 2.2188 mL | 4.4375 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2219 mL | 1.1094 mL | 2.2188 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Fatty Acid Oxidation in Peroxisomes: Enzymology, Metabolic Crosstalk with Other Organelles and Peroxisomal Disorders
Adv Exp Med Biol 2020;1299:55-70.PMID:33417207DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-60204-8_5.
Peroxisomes play a central role in metabolism as exemplified by the fact that many genetic disorders in humans have been identified through the years in which there is an impairment in one or more of these peroxisomal functions, in most cases associated with severe clinical signs and symptoms. One of the key functions of peroxisomes is the β-oxidation of fatty acids which differs from the oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria in many respects which includes the different substrate specificities of the two organelles. Whereas mitochondria are the main site of oxidation of medium-and long-chain fatty acids, peroxisomes catalyse the β-oxidation of a distinct set of fatty acids, including very-long-chain fatty acids, pristanic acid and the bile acid intermediates di- and Trihydroxycholestanoic Acid. Peroxisomes require the functional alliance with multiple subcellular organelles to fulfil their role in metabolism. Indeed, peroxisomes require the functional interaction with lysosomes, lipid droplets and the endoplasmic reticulum, since these organelles provide the substrates oxidized in peroxisomes. On the other hand, since peroxisomes lack a citric acid cycle as well as respiratory chain, oxidation of the end-products of peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation notably acetyl-CoA, and different medium-chain acyl-CoAs, to CO2 and H2O can only occur in mitochondria. The same is true for the reoxidation of NADH back to NAD+. There is increasing evidence that these interactions between organelles are mediated by tethering proteins which bring organelles together in order to allow effective exchange of metabolites. It is the purpose of this review to describe the current state of knowledge about the role of peroxisomes in fatty acid oxidation, the transport of metabolites across the peroxisomal membrane, its functional interaction with other subcellular organelles and the disorders of peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation identified so far in humans.
Plasma analysis of di- and Trihydroxycholestanoic Acid diastereoisomers in peroxisomal alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase deficiency
J Lipid Res 2001 Jan;42(1):137-41.PMID:11160375doi
We identified a new peroxisomal disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A (CoA) racemase. Patients with this disorder show elevated plasma levels of pristanic acid and the bile acid intermediates di- and Trihydroxycholestanoic Acid (DHCA and THCA), which are all substrates for the peroxisomal beta-oxidation system. alpha-Methylacyl-CoA racemase plays an important role in the beta-oxidation of branched-chain fatty acids and fatty acid derivatives because it catalyzes the conversion of several (2R)-methyl-branched-chain fatty acyl-CoAs to their (2S)-isomers. Only stereoisomers with the 2-methyl group in the (S)-configuration can be degraded via beta-oxidation. In this study we used liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to analyze the bile acid intermediates that accumulate in plasma from patients with a deficiency of alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase and, for comparison, in plasma from patients with Zellweger syndrome and patients with cholestatic liver disease.We found that racemase-deficient patients accumulate exclusively the (R)-isomer of free and taurine-conjugated DHCA and THCA, whereas in plasma of patients with Zellweger syndrome and patients with cholestatic liver disease both isomers were present. On the basis of these results we describe an easy and reliable method for the diagnosis of alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase-deficient patients by plasma analysis. Our results also show that alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase plays a unique role in bile acid formation. - Ferdinandusse, S., H. Overmars, S. Denis, H. R. Waterham, R. J. A. Wanders, and P. Vreken. Plasma analysis of di- and Trihydroxycholestanoic Acid diastereoisomers in peroxisomal alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase deficiency. J. Lipid Res. 2001. 42: 137;-141.
Peroxisomes, peroxisomal diseases, and the hepatotoxicity induced by peroxisomal metabolites
Curr Drug Metab 2012 Dec;13(10):1401-11.PMID:22978395DOI:10.2174/138920012803762747.
The group of peroxisomal disorders represents a growing number of genetically determined diseases in humans in which there is an impairment in one or more peroxisomal functions. The peroxisomal disorders are usually subdivided in two major subgroups including (1) the peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs) and (2) the single peroxisomal enzyme deficiencies. Liver pathology is a frequent finding in patients affected by a peroxisomal disorder. This is not only true for patients affected by a PBD, but also for patients with a single enzyme defect in one of the metabolic pathways in which peroxisomes are involved. By comparing the different peroxisomal disorders, we provide evidence suggesting that the main hepatotoxic metabolites responsible for the liver pathology found in patients, are the bile acid synthesis intermediates di- and Trihydroxycholestanoic Acid (DHCA and THCA). Studies in different experimental systems have shown that DHCA and THCA, especially in the unconjugated form, interfere with different physiological processes including mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The implications of these findings will be discussed with special emphasis on patients with di- and trihydroxycholestanoic acidaemia.
Liver disease caused by failure to racemize Trihydroxycholestanoic Acid: gene mutation and effect of bile acid therapy
Gastroenterology 2003 Jan;124(1):217-32.PMID:12512044DOI:10.1053/gast.2003.50017.
Background & aims: Inborn errors of bile acid metabolism may present as neonatal cholestasis and fat-soluble vitamin malabsorption or as late onset chronic liver disease. Our aim was to fully characterize a defect in bile acid synthesis in a 2-week-old African-American girl presenting with coagulopathy, vitamin D and E deficiencies, and mild cholestasis and in her sibling, whose liver had been used for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Methods: Bile acids were measured by mass spectrometry in urine, bile, serum, and feces of the patient and in urine from the unrelated recipient. Results: Liver biopsy specimens showed neonatal hepatitis with giant cell transformation and hepatocyte necrosis; peroxisomes were reduced in number. High concentrations of (25R)3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoic acid in the urine, bile, and serum established a pattern similar to that of Zellweger syndrome and identical to the Alligator mississippiensis. Serum phytanic acid was normal, whereas pristanic acid was markedly elevated. Biochemical, MRI, and neurologic findings were inconsistent with a generalized defect of peroxisomal function and were unique. Analysis of the urine from the recipient of the deceased sibling's liver confirmed the same bile acid synthetic defect. A deficiency in 2-methylacyl-CoA racemase, which is essential for conversion of (25R)THCA to its 25S-isomer, the substrate to initiate peroxisomal beta-oxidation to primary bile acids, was confirmed by DNA analysis revealing a missense mutation (S52P) in the gene encoding this enzyme. Long-term treatment with cholic acid normalized liver enzymes and prevented progression of symptoms. Conclusions: This genetic defect further highlights bile acid synthetic defects as a cause of neonatal cholestasis.
Accumulation and impaired in vivo metabolism of di- and Trihydroxycholestanoic Acid in two patients
Clin Chim Acta 1991 Oct 31;202(3):123-32.PMID:1839974DOI:10.1016/0009-8981(91)90043-c.
Two patients with a suspected peroxisomal disorder on the basis of neurological, craniofacial, hepatological and other abnormalities were studied. The phenotype of both girls was remarkably similar from birth until age 1.5 yr. Detailed studies in plasma revealed normal plasma very-long-chain fatty acids but the presence of di- and trihydroxycholestanoic acids and the C29-dicarboxylic bile acid, all known to occur in plasma from Zellweger patients. These results suggest an isolated defect in the peroxisomal beta-oxidation of the side chains of the cholestanoic acids. Activation of Trihydroxycholestanoic Acid and beta-oxidation of trihydroxycholestanoyl-CoA, measured in a liver biopsy, were normal, however, as was the peroxisomal beta-oxidation of palmitate. Although the molecular defect remains unknown, the results stress the importance of performing multiple analyses in any patient suspected to suffer from a peroxisomal disorder and indicate that screening for peroxisomal disorders based upon analysis of only plasma very long chain fatty acids with or without analysis of erythrocyte plasmalogen levels, may be inadequate.