Tyloxapol (Triton WR1339)
(Synonyms: 四丁酚醛; Triton WR1339) 目录号 : GC30017
Tyloxapol (Triton WR1339) is a nonionic liquid polymer of the alkyl aryl polyether alcohol type, used as a surfactant to aid liquefaction, removal of mucopurulent and bronchopulmonary secretions. It also blocks plasma lipolytic activity, and thus the breakdown of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.
Cas No.:25301-02-4
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Tyloxapol (Triton WR1339) is a nonionic liquid polymer of the alkyl aryl polyether alcohol type, used as a surfactant to aid liquefaction, removal of mucopurulent and bronchopulmonary secretions. It also blocks plasma lipolytic activity, and thus the breakdown of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.
Tyloxapol is generally regarded as a safe stabilizer. In some studies, it is reported to causes cytotoxicity in epithelial and red blood cells, induces lysis of human Jurkat T-lymphoblasts and the apoptosis in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage-like cells and NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. These indications of cytotoxicity, however, do not reflect the in vivo use of Tyloxapol, since it is rarely used alone in clinical applications[3].
A single intravenous injection of tyloxapol at dose of 400mg/kg body weight shows three distinctive phases, sharp linear increment, slow linear increment and slow decrement of plasma lipids toward the basal levels[1]. The treatment of tyloxapol enhannces the pulmonary absorption of rh-insulin and increases the absorption of inhaled insulin in diabetic rats. It might significantly increase the hypoglycemic effect of intratracheally administered insulin in diabetic rats but does not change the LDH activity[2].
[1] Rasouli M, et al. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016, 10(6):BF01-5. [2] Zheng J, et al. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2010, 58(12):1612-1616. [3] Kristl J, et al. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2008, 232(2):218-225.
| Cas No. | 25301-02-4 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 四丁酚醛; Triton WR1339 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | [H]OCCOC1=C(CC)C=C(C(CC(C)(C)C)(C)C)C=C1C.[6].[=].[<].[5].[8].[n].[m].[_].[=].[m].[n] | ||
| 分子式 | (C15H21O(C2H4O)m)n | 分子量 | 261.38(monomer) |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : ≥ 38 mg/mL;Water : 25 mg/mL | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C,protect from light |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.8258 mL | 19.1292 mL | 38.2585 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.7652 mL | 3.8258 mL | 7.6517 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.3826 mL | 1.9129 mL | 3.8258 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Triton WR1339, an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase, decreases vitamin E concentration in some tissues of rats by inhibiting its transport to liver
J Nutr 2007 Feb;137(2):345-50.17237309 10.1093/jn/137.2.345
The aim of this experiment was to clarify the contribution of the alpha-tocopherol transfer activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) to vitamin E transport to tissues in vivo. We studied the effect of Triton WR1339, which prevents the catabolism of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins by LPL on vitamin E distribution in rats. Vitamin E-deficient rats fed a vitamin E-free diet for 4 wk were injected with Triton WR1339 and administered by oral gavage an emulsion containing 10 mg of alpha-tocopherol, 10 mg of gamma-tocopherol, or 29.5 mg of a tocotrienol mixture with 200 mg of sodium taurocholate, 200 mg of triolein, and 50 mg of albumin. alpha-Tocopherol was detected in the serum and other tissues of the vitamin E-deficient rats, but gamma-tocopherol, alpha- and gamma-tocotrienol were not detected. Triton WR1339 injection elevated (P<0.05) the serum alpha-tocopherol concentration and inhibited (P<0.05) the elevation of alpha-tocopherol concentration in the liver, adrenal gland, and spleen due to the oral administration of alpha-tocopherol. Neither alpha-tocopherol administration nor Triton WR1339 injection affected (P>or=0.05) the alpha-tocopherol concentration in the perirenal adipose tissue, epididymal fat, and soleus muscle despite a high expression of LPL in the adipose tissue and muscle. These data show that alpha-tocopherol transfer activity of LPL in adipose tissue and muscle is not important for alpha-tocopherol transport to the tissue after alpha-tocopherol intake or that the amount transferred is small relative to the tissue concentration. Furthermore, Triton WR1339 injection tended to elevate the serum gamma-tocopherol (P=0.071) and alpha-tocotrienol (P=0.053) concentrations and lowered them (P<0.05) in the liver and adrenal gland of rats administered gamma-tocopherol or alpha-tocotrienol. These data suggest that lipolysis of triacylglycerol-rich chylomicron by LPL is necessary for postprandial vitamin E transport to the liver and subsequent transport to the other tissues.
Comparing the Surface Chemical Properties and the Effect of Salts on the Cloud Point of a Conventional Nonionic Surfactant, Octoxynol 9 (Triton X-100), and of Its Oligomer, Tyloxapol (Triton WR-1339)
J Colloid Interface Sci 1998 Sep 15;205(2):496-502.9735215 10.1006/jcis.1998.5721
The surface-chemical properties, critical micelle concentrations (CMC), and effect of salts on the cloud points (CP) of octoxynol 9 (Triton X-100) and Tyloxapol (Triton WR-1339) were compared. The latter nonionic surfactant is essentially a heptamer of the former. Even though the molecular weight of Tyloxapol is 7 times larger than that of octoxynol 9, its area per molecule adsorbed at the air-water interface is only twice as large. This suggests an unusual orientation for molecules of Tyloxapol at the surface and is in keeping with a plateau that is less horizontal and has a somewhat higher surface tension than the plateaus of most nonionic surfactants. The CMC of octoxynol 9 was 4.4 times larger than that of Tyloxapol. Unexpectedly, the CP of dilute aqueous Tyloxapol solutions was 28 degreesC higher than that of octoxynol 9 solutions. The salting-out ions Na+, Cl- and SO2-4 lowered the CP of Tyloxapol 29% more than that of octoxynol 9. However, because the blank Tyloxapol solution started out with a higher CP value, its CPs in the presence of salts were higher than those of octoxynol 9. Pb2+ and Mg2+ cations salted both surfactants in, raising their CP, Pb2+ more extensively than Mg2+. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.
Tyloxapol inhibits RANKL-stimulated osteoclastogenesis and ovariectomized-induced bone loss by restraining NF-κB and MAPK activation
J Orthop Translat 2021 Apr 10;28:148-158.33981577 PMC8063697
Objective: Tyloxapol is a non-ionic surfactant with diverse pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-malignant tumor and antioxidant activities. However, the effect of Tyloxapol on osteoclastogenesis has not been elucidated. In this study, we intended to clarify the effect of Tyloxapol on RANKL-stimulated osteoclastogenesis and the molecular mechanism both ex vivo and in vivo. Methods: In vitro osteoclastogenesis assay was performed in BMMs and Raw 264.7 cells. The mature osteoclasts were visualized by TRAP staining. The osteoblsats were visualized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and Von Kossa staining. To assess whether Tyloxapol inhibited the function of mature osteoclasts, F-actin belts and pit formation assays were carried out in BMMs. To evaluate the effect of Tyloxapol on post-menopausal osteoporosis, the OVX mouse model were utilized. The bone tissue TRAP staining was used to evaluate the osteoclast activity in vivo. The von kossa staining and micro computed tomography were used to evaluate the histomorphometric parameters. The Goldner's staining was used to evaluate the osteoblast activity. The expression of osteoclastogenesis-associated markers were evaluated by Real-time PCR. The NF-κB and NFATc1 transcriptional activities were illustrated utilizing the assay of luciferase reporter. The effect of Tyloxapol pretreatment on IκBa degradation and p65 phosphorylation was evaluated using Western bloting assay. The effect of Tyloxapol pretreatment on p65 nuclear translocation was evaluated utilizing immunofluorescence. The effect of Tyloxapol pretreatment on the phosphorylatio of ERK, p38 and JNK was examined utilizing Western bloting assay. Results: In our research, we found that Tyloxapol suppresses RANKL-stimulated osteoclastogenesis in a dose dependent manner and in the initial stage of osteoclastogenesis. Through F-actin belts and pit formation assays, we found that Tyloxapol had the ability to inhibit the function of mature osteoclasts in vitro. The results of animal experiments demonstrated that Tyloxapol inhibits OVX-induced bone mass loss by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts but had a limited effect on osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization. Molecularly, we found that Tyloxapol suppresses RANKL-stimulated NF-κB activation through suppressing degradation of IκBα, phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65. At last, MAPK signaling pathway was also suppressed by Tyloxapol in dose and time-dependent manners. Conclusion: Our research illustrated that Tyloxapol was able to suppress osteoclastogenesis in vitro and ovariectomized-induced bone loss in vivo by restraining NF-κB and MAPK activation. This is pioneer research could pave the way for the development of Tyloxapol as a potential therapeutic treatment for osteoporosis. The translational potential of this article: This study explores that Tyloxapol, also known as Triton WR-1339, may be a drug candidate for osteoclastogenic sicknesses like osteoporosis. Our study may also extend the clinical therapeutic spectrum of Tyloxapol.
Effects of gamma-terpinene on lipid concentrations in serum using Triton WR1339-treated rats
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2003 Nov;67(11):2448-50.14646206 10.1271/bbb.67.2448
We studied lipid metabolism to evaluate the effects of gamma-terpinene on suppression of increases in serum lipid concentrations using Triton WR1339-treated rats. At 6 hr after Triton WR1339 injection, the total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in the gamma-terpinene group underwent statistically significant decreases (18.3 and 30.3%, respectively) compared with those of the Triton-treated group.