UDP-GalNAz disodium

UDP-GalNAz disodium (UDP-N-azidoacetylgalactosamine disodium) is an analog of UDP-GalNAc. UDP-GalNAc serves as a critical precursor for various glycosylation reactions and functions as a donor substrate for many N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases, which transfer GalNAc from the nucleotide sugar to carbohydrate or peptide acceptors^[1]. As a substrate for UDP-GalNAc polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts), UDP-GalNAc enables GalNAc-Ts to catalyze mucin-type O-glycosylation by transferring α-GalNAc from UDP-GalNAc to serine (Ser) or threonine (Thr) residues of target proteins. This process plays a vital role in regulating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and influences lipid metabolism^[2]. UDP-GalNAc also acts as a precursor for the synthesis of Escherichia coli K4 capsular polysaccharides. Metabolic engineering of E. coli K4 strains using UDP-GalNAc can enhance the production of fructose chondroitin^[3]. Additionally, UDP-GalNAc serves as a substrate for β-N-acetylhexosaminidases, generating precursors for the cyst wall of Entamoeba histolytica, thereby aiding in understanding the biochemical interactions of this parasite within the colon environment^[4]. Furthermore, UDP-GalNAc functions as a substrate for human blood group A glycosyltransferase, driving the biosynthesis of blood group A antigens^[5].

References：
[1] Willems A P, Van Engelen B G, Lefeber D J. Genetic defects in the hexosamine and sialic acid biosynthesis pathway[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2016, 1860(8): 1640-54.
[2] Guo L, Zhou L, Wei P, et al. Emerging Roles of UDP-GalNAc Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases in Cardiovascular Disease[J]. Aging Dis, 2024, 16(1): 239-49.
[3] Restaino O F, Di Lauro I, Cimini D, et al. Monosaccharide precursors for boosting chondroitin-like capsular polysaccharide production[J]. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 2013, 97(4): 1699-709.
[4] Nagode A, Vanbeselaere J, Dutkiewicz Z, et al. Molecular characterisation of Entamoeba histolytica UDP-glucose 4-epimerase, an enzyme able to provide building blocks for cyst wall formation[J]. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2023, 17(8): e0011574.
[5] Seto N O, Compston C A, Szpacenko A, et al. Enzymatic synthesis of blood group A and B trisaccharide analogues[J]. Carbohydr Res, 2000, 324(3): 161-9.

尿苷二磷酸-N-叠氮乙酰氨基半乳糖二钠(UDP-GalNAz disodium)是UDP-GalNAc 的类似物。UDP-GalNAc 是各种糖基化反应的重要前体，是许多N-乙酰半乳糖胺基转移酶的供体底物，这些酶将 GalNAc 从核苷酸糖转移到糖或肽受体^[1]。UDP-GalNAc作为UDP-GalNAc多肽N-乙酰半乳糖胺转移酶（GalNAc-Ts）的底物，GalNAc-Ts将α-GalNAc从UDP-GalNAc转移到靶蛋白的丝氨酸（Ser）或苏氨酸（Thr）残基来催化粘蛋白O-型糖基化，在高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平的调节中起着至关重要的作用，影响脂质代谢^[2]。UDP-GalNAc作为Escherichia coli K4荚膜多糖的合成前体，通过对E.coli K4菌株进行代谢改造能够提高果糖软骨素的产量^[3]。UDP-GalNAc作为β-N-乙酰氨基己糖苷酶的底物，能够生成溶组织内阿米巴原虫囊壁的前体，有助于了解溶组织阿米巴原虫在结肠环境中的生化相互作用^[4]。UDP-GalNAc作为人血型A糖基转移酶的底物，负责血型A抗原的生物合成^[5]。