VX-765
(Synonyms: Belnacasan; N-(4-氨基-3-氯苯甲酰基)-3-甲基-L-缬氨酰-N-[(2R,3S)-2-乙氧基四氢-5-氧代-3-呋喃基]-L-脯氨酰胺; VX-765) 目录号 : GC12725
VX-765 是一种新开发的选择性小分子 caspase-1 抑制剂，可通过血脑屏障并在体外和体内减少炎症。
Cas No.:273404-37-8
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
-
Related Biological Data
Inhibition of caspase 1 attenuates liver IRI mediated by GSDMD in macrophages. (a) The levels of caspase 1, cleaved-caspase 1, GSDMD, and GSDMD-N in each group were measured by Western blotting.(b)–(e) Relative expression of caspase 1, cleaved-caspase 1, GSDMD, and GSDMD-N in each group.
VX-765 (50 mg/kg) (GlpBio, USA) was administered intraperitoneally 1 h before liver IRI.
Oxid Med Cell Longev 2022 (2022). PMID: 36035360 IF: 6.543 -
Related Biological Data
The effects of belnacasan on cell viability, migration and invasion. (A–C) T98G, LN-18 and HEB cells were treated with different concentrations of belnacasan for 48 hours, and then CCK-8 assays were performed to determine the cell viability.
Cells were incubated in 96-well plates treated with the indicated concentrations (0 μM, 5 μM, 10 μM, 20 μM and 40 μM) of belnacasan (GLPBIO) for 48 hours.
Frontiers in Oncology 12 (2022): 717926. PMID: 35433410 IF: 4.7003 -
Related Biological Data
NLRP3 inflammasome activation by S. aureus is essential for the generation of GSDMD-N and the release of IL-1β and IL-18. A Activated caspase-1 and B GSDMD-N or released C IL-1β and D IL-18 of MAC-T cells treated with or without NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 or caspase-1 inhibitor VX765 for 1.5 h prior to treatment with S. aureus for 4 h.
IL-18 of MAC-T cells treated with or without NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 or caspase-1 inhibitor VX765 (Glpbio) for 1.5 h prior to treatment with S. aureus for 4 h.
Veterinary Research 53.1 (2022): 10. PMID: 35123552 IF: 4.3997
Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
|
Cell lines |
human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells(HUMSCs) |
|
Preparation Method |
MTT assay was used to test the toxicity of VX-765. Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was applied to mimic ischemic environment in vitro experiments, and The apoptosis of HUMSCs incubated with VX-765 was assessed 12 or 24 hours after OGD exposure. |
|
Reaction Conditions |
10µM VX-765 for 12, 24h. |
|
Applications |
Compared to OGD groups, TUNEL-positive cells, IL-1β, and IL-6 decreased while IL-10 increased in VX-765+OGD group. The result demonstrate the anti-apoptosis and anti- inflammatory role of VX-765 in HUMSCs. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
|
Animal models |
CD1 (ICR) mice |
|
Preparation Method |
CD1 (ICR) mice were injected intraperitoneally with 55 mg/kg streptozotocin(STZ). Mice with blood glucose level over 300 mg/dL were considered diabetic.Diabetic mice were administered with VX-765 for 8 weeks.The treatment with VX-765 was initiated 2 weeks after STZ injection |
|
Dosage form |
100mg/kg VX-765, intraperitoneal(i.p.) injection |
|
Applications |
Administration of VX-765 in diabetic mice effectively ameliorated renal function, compared with that of untreated diabetic mice.VX-765 treatment did not affect blood glucose level or body weight, illustrating that VX-765 ameliorated diabetic nephropathy independent of its metabolic effects. |
|
References: [1]. Sun Z, Gu L, et al. VX-765 enhances autophagy of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells against stroke-induced apoptosis and inflammatory responses via AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2020 Sep;26(9):952-961. [2]. Wen S, Deng F, et al. VX-765 ameliorates renal injury and fibrosis in diabetes by regulating caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis and inflammation. J Diabetes Investig. 2022 Jan;13(1):22-33. |
|
VX-765 is a newly developed, selective, small molecule caspase-1 inhibitor that can pass the blood-brain barrier and reduce inflammation in vitro and in vivo[1].
VX-765 potently and specifically inhibited human Casp1 (IC50 3.68 nM)[2]. Increases of autophagy-related proteins were detected in VX-765-pretreated human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells(HUMSCs), indicating the potential of VX-765 for up-regulating autophagy. Meanwhile, increased p-AMPK and decreased p-mTOR were detected in VX-765-pretreated HUMSCs. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effect of VX-765 could be abolished by an autophagy inhibitor or AMPK inhibitor[3]
In vivo，VX-765 ameliorated renal dysfunction, tubular injury, and renal inflammation in mice with DN, but had no effect on blood glucose level or body weight, illustrating that VX-765 represents a novel and efficacious therapeutic treatment for DN without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients[4]
References:
[1]. Boxer MB, Quinn AM, et al. A highly potent and selective caspase 1 inhibitor that utilizes a key 3-cyanopropanoic acid moiety. ChemMedChem. 2010 May 3;5(5):730-8.
[2]. Flores J, No l A, et al. Caspase-1 inhibition alleviates cognitive impairment and neuropathology in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Nat Commun. 2018 Sep 25;9(1):3916.
[3]. Sun Z, Gu L, et al. VX-765 enhances autophagy of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells against stroke-induced apoptosis and inflammatory responses via AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2020 Sep;26(9):952-961.
[4]. Wen S, Deng F, et al. VX-765 ameliorates renal injury and fibrosis in diabetes by regulating caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis and inflammation. J Diabetes Investig. 2022 Jan;13(1):22-33.
VX-765 是一种新开发的选择性小分子 caspase-1 抑制剂，可通过血脑屏障并在体外和体内减少炎症[1]。
VX-765 有效且特异性地抑制人 Casp1 (IC50 3.68 nM)[2]。在 VX-765 预处理的人脐带间充质干细胞 (HUMSCs) 中检测到自噬相关蛋白的增加，表明 VX-765 具有上调自噬的潜力。同时，在 VX-765 预处理的 HUMSC 中检测到增加的 p-AMPK 和减少的 p-mTOR。此外，VX-765 的抗炎和抗凋亡作用可被自噬抑制剂或 AMPK 抑制剂消除[3]
在体内，VX-765 改善了 DN 小鼠的肾功能障碍、肾小管损伤和肾脏炎症，但对血糖水平或体重没有影响，表明 VX-765 代表了一种新型有效的 DN 治疗方法不会增加糖尿病患者发生低血糖的风险[4]
| Cas No. | 273404-37-8 | SDF | |
| 别名 | Belnacasan; N-(4-氨基-3-氯苯甲酰基)-3-甲基-L-缬氨酰-N-[(2R,3S)-2-乙氧基四氢-5-氧代-3-呋喃基]-L-脯氨酰胺; VX-765 | ||
| 化学名 | (2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[(4-amino-3-chlorobenzoyl)amino]-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]-N-[(2R,3S)-2-ethoxy-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide | ||
| Canonical SMILES | CCOC1C(CC(=O)O1)NC(=O)C2CCCN2C(=O)C(C(C)(C)C)NC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)N)Cl | ||
| 分子式 | C24H33ClN4O6 | 分子量 | 508.99 |
| 溶解度 | ≥ 313 mg/mL in DMSO, ≥ 50.5 mg/mL in EtOH with ultrasonic | 储存条件 | Desiccate at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
||
| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
 |
1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 1.9647 mL | 9.8234 mL | 19.6468 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.3929 mL | 1.9647 mL | 3.9294 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.1965 mL | 0.9823 mL | 1.9647 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
VX-765 ameliorates renal injury and fibrosis in diabetes by regulating caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis and inflammation
Introduction: As a lytic inflammatory cell death, pyroptosis has been recently described but has not been unequivocally elucidated in diabetic nephropathy (DN). VX-765 is a safe and effective inhibitor of caspase-1, that was well tolerated in a phase II clinical trial in patients with epilepsy, but its application in DN is still undefined. Materials and methods: Immunoblot, co-immunoprecipitation, confocal microscope and flow cytometry were used to analyze the effects of glucose on pyroptosis in renal tubular epithelia (HK-2). In vitro, selective caspase-1 inhibitors VX-765 and Z-YVAD-FMK were administered. Pyroptosis and fibrogenesis were determined by immunoblot, ELISA, cytotoxicity assay and flow cytometry. In vivo, diabetic mice were administered with 100 mg/kg VX-765. Renal function, pathological changes, and the expressions of NLRC4, GSDMD, IL-1β, collagen I, fibronectin and CD45 in renal cortex were evaluated. Results: We identified NLRC4 as a sensor for caspase-1 activation. Moreover, we provided morphological and molecular evidence for pyroptosis in glucose-stressed tubular cells, including ballooned cell membrane, caspase-1 immunoreactivity, GSDMD cleavage, and the release of inflammatory cytokine and cellular contents. All these effects were prevented by treatment with VX-765 or Z-YVAD-FMK, confirming that caspase-1 effectively regulates the occurrence of pyroptosis in HK-2 cells. In vivo, treatment of diabetic animals with VX-765 ameliorated renal function, suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration and pyroptosis-associated protein expression, and mitigated tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Conclusions: This work revealed that caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis drives renal inflammation and fibrosis in diabetes. Our results are the first demonstration of VX-765 representing a promising therapeutic opportunity for alleviating the progression of DN.
VX-765 attenuates atherosclerosis in ApoE deficient mice by modulating VSMCs pyroptosis
Background and aims: Recent clinical evidences show that patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease can benefit from a targeting IL-1β treatment. Caspase-1 is an important factor for pyroptosis and is responsible for mature and release of interleukin (IL)-1β. Here we investigated the effect of caspase-1 inhibitor VX-765 on atherosclerosis and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) pyroptosis.
Methods: Human carotid artery plaques and aortas from ApoE-/- mice which were gavaged with VX-765 or vehicle while fed with western diet were examined for plaque burden using Oil Red O staining and Immunohistochemistry staining. Dedifferentiated primary cultured mice VSMCs treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) were applied to examine cell pyroptosis.
Results: The distribution of a-SMA and active pyroptotic indicators had a lot of overlaps near the necrotic core, at the lesion surface and in the intra-plaque hemorrhage area in human or mice plaque. In vitro studies further demonstrated that OxLDL induced VSMCs pyroptosis through activating NLRP3 inflammasome. What's more, VX-765 significantly inhibited the progression of established atheroma and the development of atherosclerosis, without substantially influence lipoprotein level in plasma. VX-765 also significantly reduced VSMCs pyroptosis and IL-1β processing induced by OxLDL.
Conclusions: VX-765 inhibits VSMCs pyroptosis during atherogenesis and targeting caspase-1 activity may be a potential treatment strategy for atherosclerotic diseases.
VX-765 prevents intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome
Background: Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IIRI) is a common clinical event that can cause serious consequences. The study aimed to investigated the effect of VX-765 in IIRI and its mechanism.
Methods: The hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) cell model and IIRI mouse model were generated to examine the in vitro and in vivo effects of VX-765 on IIRI. IIRI was evaluated by histological assessment. ELISA was performed to determine the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, caspase-1, and GSDMD in intestinal tissues as well as the levels of MDA, SOD, CAT, caspase-1, and GSDMD in Caco-2 cells. Relative protein levels of NLRP3, ASC, IL-18, IL-1β, cleaved Caspase1, and GSDMD-N were analyzed by Western blotting. CCK-8 Assay was conducted to determine the optimal concentration of VX-765 for the in vitro studies. Flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) were used to assess ROS levels and the mRNA levels of IL-18 and IL-1β, respectively. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to examine the subcellular localization of P65 and NLRP3.
Results: VX-765 reduced IIRI-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response both in vivo and in vitro, while it decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β as well as the modified Park/Chiu scores. The optimal concentration of VX-765 for the in vitro studies was 10 μM. Moreover, VX-765 inhibited the nuclear translocation of P65, reduced oxidative stress and down-regulated the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.
Conclusion: VX-765 prevents IIRI presumably by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.
VX-765 has a protective effect in mice with ovarian injury caused by chemotherapy
Background: Malignant tumors continue to remain a main global public health issue. In the past 40 years, due to strides made in multi-disciplinary comprehensive treatment schemes for patients suffering from malignant tumors, especially chemotherapy schemes, the survival rate has been greatly improved in such patients. This group can be expected to maintain their fertility or have restored endocrine function following successful malignant tumor treatment. Therefore, focusing on the ovarian damage caused by chemotherapy in women of childbearing age is vital in order to protect their fertility and improve their quality of life.
Objectives: This study attempted to evaluate whether VX-765 possesses an ovarian protective effect in ovarian injury induced by chemotherapy in the mice model.
Methods: Female C57BL/6J mice were administered with VX-765 gavage once a day for 21 consecutive days. Cyclophosphamide (Cy) use began one week after the last gavage administration of VX-765. Detailed classification of follicles at various levels were then quantified in each group. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were then used in order to analyze the expression of key proteins (FOXO3a, mTOR, RPS6 and AKT) as well as their phosphorylation of the PI3K / PTEN / AKT pathways in the ovary. The concentrations of AMH were measured by ELISA.
Results: The follicles at all levels of Cy treated mice were less than those of the normal group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, mice treated with VX-765 prior to receiving Cy treatment had more primordial follicles (PMF) than mice treated with Cy alone (P < 0.05). In early growing follicles (EGF) and antral follicles (AF), no difference was observed among the experimental groups (P > 0.05), however, they were lower than those in the normal group (P < 0.05). In the mice treated with continuous Cy, the total follicle number (TF) of mice combined with VX-765 (C-Cy-Vx765) was higher than that of mice without VX-765, and the TF of the two groups was lower than that of the normal group (P < 0.05). The value of PMF/TF in C-Cy-Vx765 group was significantly higher than that in the other three groups, while that of EGF/TF was significantly lower (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical results showed that the phosphorylated forms of the main proteins of the PI3K / PTEN / AKT pathway were found to be more positive in Cy treated mice. The Western blot analysis showed that when Cy and VX-765 were co-treated, the increased levels of these phosphorylated proteins decreased compared with those treated with Cy alone. The AMH level of infancy Cy and VX-765 co-treated mice was higher than that of infancy normal mice (P < 0.05). After the mice grew to sexual maturity, the AMH level of Cy and VX-765 co-treated mice was still higher than that of Cy treated mice (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference with normal mice (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: VX-765 can maintain the level of AMH and inhibit the recruitment of PMF, thus protecting mice from Cy induced gonadotropic toxicity. Accordingly, VX-765 may play a protective role in mice with ovarian injury caused by chemotherapy.
VX-765 reduces neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury in mice
Inflammation is a major cause of neuronal injury after spinal cord injury. We hypothesized that inhibiting caspase-1 activation may reduce neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury, thus producing a protective effect in the injured spinal cord. A mouse model of T9 contusive spinal cord injury was established using an Infinite Horizon Impactor, and VX-765, a selective inhibitor of caspase-1, was administered for 7 successive days after spinal cord injury. The results showed that: (1) VX-765 inhibited spinal cord injury-induced caspase-1 activation and interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 secretion. (2) After spinal cord injury, an increase in M1 cells mainly came from local microglia rather than infiltrating macrophages. (3) Pro-inflammatory Th1Th17 cells were predominant in the Th subsets. VX-765 suppressed total macrophage infiltration, M1 macrophages/microglia, Th1 and Th1Th17 subset differentiation, and cytotoxic T cells activation; increased M2 microglia; and promoted Th2 and Treg differentiation. (4) VX-765 reduced the fibrotic area, promoted white matter myelination, alleviated motor neuron injury, and improved functional recovery. These findings suggest that VX-765 can reduce neuroinflammation and improve nerve function recovery after spinal cord injury by inhibiting caspase-1/interleukin-1β/interleukin-18. This may be a potential strategy for treating spinal cord injury. This study was approved by the Animal Care Ethics Committee of Bengbu Medical College (approval No. 2017-037) on February 23, 2017.